前端使用AngularJS的$resource,后端ASP.NET Web API,实现增删改查
AngularJS中的$resource服务相比$http服务更适合与RESTful服务进行交互。本篇后端使用ASP.NET Web API, 前端使用$resource,实现增删改查。
领域和上下文
首先领域先行。
public class StudentVm { [Key] public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Age { get; set; } }
上下文。
public class StudentContext : DbContext { public StudentContext() : base("conn") { Database.SetInitializer(new StudentInitializer()); } public DbSetStudents { get; set; } }
上下文的构造函数中,StudentIntializer类对数据进行了初始化。
public class StudentInitializer : CreateDatabaseIfNotExists{ protected override void Seed(StudentContext context) { IList students = new List (); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "aa", Age = "20" }); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "bb", Age = "18" }); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "cc", Age = "22" }); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "dd", Age = "23" }); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "ee", Age = "20" }); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "ff", Age = "21" }); students.Add(new StudentVm() { Name = "gg", Age = "28" }); foreach(StudentVm student in students) { context.Students.Add(student); } base.Seed(context); } }
对于EF Code First来说,Web.config中需要配置连接字符串。
Repository
在这里使用上下文类,实现增删改查。
public class StudentsReop { private StudentContext _db = new StudentContext(); public IEnumerableQuery() { return _db.Students; } public StudentVm Get(int id) { return _db.Students.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Id == id); } //更新 public void Put(int id, StudentVm student) { var stu = _db.Students.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Id == id); _db.Students.Attach(stu); _db.Entry(stu).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified; _db.Entry(stu).CurrentValues.SetValues(student); _db.SaveChanges(); } //添加 public void Post(StudentVm student) { _db.Students.Add(student); _db.SaveChanges(); } public void Delete(int id) { var student = _db.Students.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Id.Equals(id)); _db.Students.Remove(student); bool saveFailed; do { saveFailed = false; try { _db.SaveChanges(); } catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex) { saveFailed = true; //重新加载数据库中的实体,使之处于unchanged的状态 ex.Entries.Single().Reload(); } } while (saveFailed); } }
API控制器
public class StudentsController : ApiController { private StudentsReop _reop = new StudentsReop(); //GET api/Students public HttpResponseMessage Get() { var students = _reop.Query().ToList(); return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, students); } //GET api/Students/5 public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id) { var student = _reop.Get(id); return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, student); } //POST api/Students public void Post([FromBody]StudentVm student) { _reop.Post(student); } //PUT api/Students/5 public void Put(int id, [FromBody]StudentVm student) { _reop.Put(id, student); } //DELETE api/Students public void Delete(int id) { _reop.Delete(id); } }
允许跨域访问
默认情况下,ASP.NET Web API是不支持跨域访问的。为了支持,需要安装Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors。安装之后,需要在全局配置生效。在WepApiConfig.cs中配置如下:
public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // Web API 配置和服务 // Web API 路由 config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); config.EnableCors(new EnableCorsAttribute("*", "*", "*")); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); } }
在本地,浏览器中:http://localhost:49621/api/Students
前端准备
后端完成,前端在WebStorm下安装先安装需要的几个插件:
npm install angular npm install angular-route npm install angular-resource npm install angular-cookies npm install alertify 再来了解下前端的文件结构: app.js 主module,路由都在这里配置 index.html 主视图,引用所有的css,js文件,提供让其它部分视图呈现的一块区域 .....service/ 自定义服务,$resouce的核心就封装在这里 ..........studentService.js .....controller/ ..........studentsCtrl.js 列表 ..........studentUpdateCtrl.js 更新 ..........studentCreateCtrl.js 添加 .....views/ ..........Students.html 列表 ..........StudentInfo.html 更新 ..........StudentCreate.html 添加
index.html
{ {title}}
以上,主视图中,需要注意引用js文件的顺序,一般angualr相关方在最上面,然后app对应js文件,最后是各种服务和控制器相关js文件。
app.js
在这里,当然首先要定义一个module,定义module的时候要把所有用到的module依赖写在module方法的第二个实参里。还有一个主项工作就是定义设置路由,而且,如果想让以后视同从controller中拿数据更快,我们还可以利用路由的resolve机制,把数据从某处读取出来,先放到路由中,然后在controller中把resolve机制下的数据读出来。
"use strict";var studentsManagement = angular.module("studentManagement",["ngResource","ngCookies","ngRoute"]) .run(function($rootScope){ $rootScope.title = "Home"; }) .config(["$routeProvider","$locationProvider", function($routeProvider, $locationProvider){ //关于url的基本配置 //$locationProvider.html5Mode({ // enabled: true, // requireBase: false //}); //配置路由 $routeProvider.when("/", { templateUrl: "views/Students.html", controller: "studentsCtrl", resolve: { students: function($q,studentDataService){ //$q异步执行方法 var deferred = $q.defer(); studentDataService.query(function(data){ deferred.resolve(data); }); return deferred.promise; } } }).when("/Student/:id",{ templateUrl: "views/StudentInfo.html", controller: "studentUpdateCtrl", resolve: { student: function($q, studentDataService, $route){ var defered = $q.defer(); //从路由中获取id的值 var id = $route.current.params.id; studentDataService.get({id: id}, function(data){ defered.resolve(data); }); return defered.promise; } } }).when("/Create",{ templateUrl: "views/CreateStudent.html", controller: "studentCreateCtrl" }); }]);
● 使用$routeProvider配置路由的过程就是让一对对view和controller结婚的过程
● 显示列表的时候通过路由的resolve机制把数据先放在了路由中
● 显示某个Sudent的时候也通过路由的resolve机制把数据先放在了路由中
●/Student/:id这个路由格式中的id代表变量,可借助$route服务从路由中取出来var id = $route.current.params.id;
studentService.js
在这里,封装了对API的所有请求。
而$resource服务是位于angular-resource中,大致按如下调用:$resource(url,{paramDefaults},{actions},{options});其中,第一个参数是必须的,其它都optional。
angular.module('studentManagement').factory("studentDataService",["$resource", function($resource){ var baseUrl = "http://localhost:49621/api/Students"; return $resource("http://localhost:49621/api/Students",{},{ query: {method: "GET", isArray: true }, create: {method: "POST"}, get: {method: "GET", url: baseUrl + "?id=:id"}, remove: {method: "DELETE", url: baseUrl + "?id=:id"}, update: {method: "PUT", url: baseUrl + "?id=:id"} })}]);
以上,在"?id=:id"中,冒号后面的id是一个变量,在controller中通过对象传递到这里来,比如studentDataService.remove({id: id}).$promise.then(...)
列表,studentsCtr.j和views/Students.html这对恋人
studentsCtr.js:
angular.module('studentManagement').controller("studentsCtrl",['$scope','$route','$rootScope','studentDataService', function($scope,$route, $rootScope, studentDataService){ $rootScope.title = "Students"; $scope.students = $route.current.locals.students;//students在路由resolve中定义 $scope.removeStudent = function(id, student){ studentDataService.remove({id: id}).$promise.then(function(){ //获取student在当前集合中的索引 var index = $scope.students.indexOf(student); $scope.students.splice(index, 1); alertify.log(student.Name + ' is removed'); }); };}]);
以上,students的数据并没有向那个源头发出请求获取,而是直接使用$route服务,把路由resolve机制中的变量值取了出来。删除数据实际是做2件事,一件是删除服务端的数据,一件是删除model中的数据。
Students.html:
添加,studentCreateCtrl.js和views/CreateStudent.html这对恋人
studentCreateCtrl.js:
angular.module('studentManagement').controller("studentCreateCtrl", ["$scope", "studentDataService", '$rootScope', "$location", function ($scope, studentDataService, $rootScope, $location) { $rootScope.title = "Create student"; $scope.saveStudent = function (student) { studentDataService.create(student).$promise.then(function (res) { $location.path('/'); }); };}]);
CreateStudent.html:
更新,studentUpdateCtrl.js和views/StudentInfo.html这对恋人
studentUpdateCtrl.js:
angular.module('studentManagement').controller("studentUpdateCtrl",["$scope","$route","$rootScope","studentDataService","$location", function($scope,$route, $rootScope, studentDataService, $location){ //student是在resolve中定义的 $scope.student = $route.current.locals.student; $rootScope.title = "Student Info -" + $scope.student.Name; $scope.updateInfo = function(student){ studentDataService.update({id: student.Id}, student).$promise.then(function(){ $location.url("/"); alertify.log("Updated Student Scucess"); }); };}]);
StudentInfo.html: